Tag: Polio

By Favour Oriaku

Polio is a viral disease that spreads primarily through contaminated water and food, attacking the nervous system and leading to paralysis or even death. For decades, African nations faced persistent outbreaks due to limited healthcare infrastructure and access to vaccines, especially in rural areas. This led to the necessity of large-scale vaccination campaigns across the continent.

Global initiatives such as the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) have made significant progress in reducing the incidence of polio. In Africa, mass vaccination programs have been critical in interrupting transmission and protecting millions of children from this devastating disease. However, despite eliminating wild poliovirus, Africa, particularly northern Nigeria, now faces a new challenge: a circulating variant of the poliovirus type 2 (cVPV2).

This variant emerges when the weakened virus in the oral polio vaccine (OPV) mutates and spreads in under-immunized communities. The virus circulates in areas with low vaccination coverage, putting children who have not been immunized at risk. This is why the ongoing Outbreak Response 3 (OBR3) is so vital to ensure that the spread of cVPV2 is interrupted before it does further damage.

Recently, I joined the eHealth Africa team on the ground during the OBR3 campaign in Kano State. After the symbolic flag-off of the campaign by the Executive Governor of Kano State, His Excellency Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, alongside key figures such as Deputy Governor Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo who doubles as the chairman of the state task force on routine immunization and polio, and representatives from international and indigenous organizations like UNICEF, WHO, SOLINA, AFENET, Chigari, and Sultan Foundation and eHealth Africa, the mass vaccination campaign spread across eighteen local government areas in the state. This campaign brought me face-to-face with the realities of the fight against polio, as I had the chance to meet the unsung heroes behind the effort—vaccinators, recorders, trackers, healthcare workers, special teams community leaders and their supervisors, led by the ward focal persons—working tirelessly to protect the future of our children. I spoke with Muiaina Taiwo Abbas, eHealth Africa’s Local Government Coordinator for Fagge Local Government Area, who manages the tracking team. Muiaina oversees three take-off points where he briefs his team each morning before distributing tracking devices for the day’s work. He described the team’s daily routine: “When the team sets out, they go house-to-house, asking all necessary questions while inputting responses into the recorder. The tracking device works automatically after I switch it on at the take-off point.” According to Muiaina, the team records non-compliance cases, like when mothers refuse to let their children be vaccinated due to cultural or religious reasons, and meets each evening to discuss challenges and solutions. “At the end of every campaign day, we come back to the take-off point, talk about the issues we encountered, and plan on how to address them the next day,” he added.

We also met with Bashir Aliyu, eHealth Africa’s Kano State coordinator, who is responsible for deploying tracking teams, compiling daily reports, and addressing larger challenges. According to Bashir, “The importance of the Geospatial Tracking System (GTS) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology cannot be overstated. This technology, deployed by eHealth Africa, ensures that no child is missed in the vaccination drive.” This approach allows the team to track every household and ensure full coverage, a game-changing tool in the fight against polio.

During the fieldwork, I also had the privilege of meeting some of the older vaccinators—women in their sixties who have seen firsthand the effects of polio in their communities. Their dedication is fueled by the pain they have witnessed, as they’ve watched children grow up with lifelong paralysis, unable to live full and meaningful lives. Their stories were heart-wrenching, and their motivation to prevent other families from experiencing such loss was evident in every word they spoke.

Comfort Audu, eHealth Africa’s Project Manager, was also out in the field, working with teams to resolve cases of non-compliance. She shared valuable insights into the importance of communication in overcoming resistance to vaccination. “One of the things I’ve learned from this campaign and others is that effective communication is key,” Comfort explained. “You need to speak their language, and it’s not just about dialect. It’s about helping them see why their children need to be vaccinated respectfully and not through coercion and that does the magic.” Her approach to resolving non-compliance demonstrates the power of empathy, understanding, and the importance of community engagement in health initiatives.

Walking alongside these dedicated teams reminded me that the fight against polio is more than just numbers and data; it is about people—parents, children, healthcare workers, and communities—coming together to protect the future. Every conversation, every door knocked on, and every child vaccinated is a step closer to eradicating polio for good. 

The commitment from local health workers, supported by organizations like eHealth Africa, continues to make a tangible difference. We are not just battling a virus; we are fighting for a future where no child is left to suffer the effects of polio.

As Comfort Audu said, “We must do everything in our power to ensure that no child is missed. This is a battle we can, and must, win.”

The road ahead may be challenging, but with each successful campaign, we move one step closer to a future where the fear of polio is a distant memory. Let’s continue supporting this vital work, ensuring that we create a healthier and brighter future for all.

By Favour Oriaku

In August 2020, Nigeria achieved what many had once thought impossible. The country was declared free of wild poliovirus by the World Health Organization (WHO), a moment that marked the end of a long, hard-fought battle against a virus that had paralyzed children and devastated families. For us at eHealth Africa, it was a moment of immense pride and hope. This victory proved that even the most persistent challenges can be overcome through commitment, collaboration, and tireless effort.

This success did not come easily. It was the result of years of determined action by local communities, government bodies, international/indigenous organizations, and healthcare workers who ensured that even the most remote and conflict-prone areas were reached. Through routine immunization, community engagement, and continuous surveillance, Nigeria’s wild poliovirus transmission was halted. For us at eHealth Africa, it was more than just a victory against a disease; it was a testament to the power of partnership and resilience.

However, even as we celebrate the elimination of the wild poliovirus, we face a new and evolving challenge: the emergence of the circulating variant poliovirus type 2 (cVPV2). This variant strain, which can mutate from the oral polio vaccine (OPV) in under-immunized communities, poses a serious threat to children in northern Nigeria, particularly in areas where immunization coverage remains low.

In response to the rise of cVPV2 cases, eHealth Africa, alongside other partners, has intensified efforts to ensure that this new strain is swiftly and effectively contained. One such effort is the Outbreak Response 3 (OBR3) campaign, recently flagged off simultaneously in Kano State and several high-risk northern states.

The flag-off ceremony was a powerful reminder of the collective effort required to defeat this virus. The Executive Governor of Kano State, His Excellency Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, along with key figures including Deputy Governor Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo who doubles as the chairman of the state task force on routine immunization and polio, representatives from international and indigenous organizations like UNICEF, WHO, SOLINA, AFENET, Sultan and Chigari Foundation, and eHealth Africa, called on parents to allow their children to be vaccinated to prevent the spread of this devastating disease.

Speaking at the event, the Deputy Governor reassured the public of the government’s commitment, stating, “We are putting everything in place to ensure that polio is eradicated within the next 3 to 4 months, God willing.” The urgency of the situation was further underscored by Governor Yusuf’s sharing of statistics, revealing that Kano State accounted for 36 of the 272 cases of cVPV2 recorded in Nigeria between 2023 till date. This accounted for 13% of the total.

As we continue our work, we know that vaccines alone are not enough. Addressing polio in Nigeria requires a holistic approach—one that includes house-to-house tracking to ensure no child is missed, even in the most remote or resistant communities. We must engage with families, dispel myths, and break down cultural barriers to vaccination. 

At eHealth Africa, we are implementing innovative solutions to support these efforts. Through projects like the Geospatial Tracking System (GTS), we are ensuring that vaccination teams reach every household, no matter how far or difficult to access. The 11 Polio Emergency Operation Centers we manage serve as hubs for coordination and planning, allowing partners and stakeholders to track progress and adjust strategies in real-time. We are also working closely with traditional leaders, whose influence within communities is critical to promoting the benefits of vaccination and overcoming resistance.

As Abubakar Shehu, Program Manager at eHealth Africa, emphasized during the flag-off, “eHealth Africa is simultaneously implementing several projects to support the mass OPV vaccination campaign. These include the Geospatial Tracking Project (GTS) that tracks the vaccination teams, ensuring no household is missed.” He went on to add, “We also manage the Polio Emergency Operation Centers and engage traditional leaders to ensure their involvement in the campaign, as well as the fight against cVPV2 and other vaccine-preventable diseases.”

The journey to a polio-free Nigeria has not ended with the eradication of wild poliovirus, it has only shifted focus. The fight against cVPV2 requires the same level of determination, vigilance, and collaboration that got us this far. Each child vaccinated brings us one step closer to ensuring that no child ever suffers from the paralysis caused by polio again.

As we move forward, we call on communities, leaders, and international partners to remain steadfast in their support. Together, we will protect the children of Nigeria and ensure a future free from the crippling effects of polio.